Tag: VBR

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Veeam & Google Cloud Platform – Parte 1

Il primo articolo del 2022 è dedicato a come proteggere le istanze Google (GCP).

Il flusso e l’architettura di protezione è riportato nell’immagine 1 dove sono presenti due componenti Veeam.

  1. L’ istanza Veeam Backup for Google Platform (VBGP) ha il compito di realizzare backup e ripristini delle istanze GCP.
  2. Veeam Backup & Replication (VBR) ha l’onere di gestire centralmente la movimentazione dei dati di Backup da e per il cloud (Data Mobility).

Immagine 1

  • Nota 1: VBGP può essere installato in modalità stand alone oppure utilizzando il wizard di VBR.
  • Nota 2: Il presente articolo mostrerà come agganciare da VBR un istanza VBGP già presente in GCP.

Vediamo in modalità dettagliata i passaggi:

Dalla console di VBR scegliamo la voce Backup Infrastructure.

Cliccando con il tasto destro del mouse, selezioniamo la voce add server e successivamente Google Cloud Platform (vedi immagine 2)

Immagine 2

Il prossimo passaggio è quello di inserire le credenziali di accesso al Service Account di Google (immagine 3)

Immagine 3

Il wizard prosegue chiedendovi di inserire il nome del server VBGP già creato (immagine 4)

Immagine 4

Dopo aver selezionato la tipologia di rete presente (immagine 5) il passaggio successivo è quello di inserire le credenziali di accesso al Repository (immagine 6).

Ricordo che la best practice di protezione è quella di effettuare il backup dell’istanza come snapshot, successivamente riversare la snapshot verso il Cloud Object Storage di Google.

Si rispetta così la regola del 3-2-1, avere cioè 3 copie dei dati (Produzione + Snapshot + Object Storage) su due differenti media (Storage primario + Object Storage) con una copia offsite (Object storage dovrebbe afferire ad un’altra region).

Immagine 5

Immagine 6

Concluso il wizard, sempre dalla console di VBR possiamo collegarci alla console al server VBGP (immagine 7) per iniziare a creare policy di protezione.

Immagine 7

Dopo aver inserito le credenziali di accesso (immagine 8)

Immagine 8

è possibile monitorare l’ambiente attraverso un overview delle istanze presenti, di quelle protette (immagine 9 & 10)

Immagine 9

Immagine 10

Gestire le politiche di protezione attraverso:

La creazione delle policy di Backup, indicando nome (immagine 12), selezionando il progetto (immagine 13), la region (immagine 14), le risorse (immagine 15), il target di Backup (immagine 16), la schedulazione e la tipologia di backup (immagini da 17 a 19)

Immagine 11

Immagine 12

Immagine 13

Immagine 14

Immagine 15

Immagine 16

Immagine 17

Immagine 18

Immagine 19

Le ultime due voci indicano la stima dei costi mensili per realizzare la policy di backup (immagine 20) e l’impostazione dei retry e delle notifiche (immagine 21)

Immagine 20

Immagine 21

Terminata la configurazione e dal monitoraggio verificato che la policy si è completata con successo, è possible procedere al ripristino (immagine 22).

Immagine 22

Le opzioni disponibili sono:

  • Intera Istanza
  • File e Cartelle

Le prossime immagini  (23-24-25) mostrano i passaggi chiave per ripristinare l’ìntera istanza.

Immagine 23

Immagine 24

Immagine 25

Nel prossimo articolo vedremo come poter proteggere e rispristinare un DB Sql presente in un’istanza GCP

A presto

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Veeam Backup & Replication: Conteggio delle licenze

A partire dal 1 luglio 2022, la vendita di licenze perpetue per socket di Veeam Backup & Replication™, Veeam Availability Suite™, Veeam Backup Essentials™ e Veeam ONE™ cesserà sia ai clienti nuovi che a quelli esistenti.

I prodotti attualmente in esercizio, continueranno a funzionare ma non sarà possibile acquistare nuove licenze a Socket per effettuare un upgrade.

Le licenze acquistabili e disponibili sono le Veeam Universal License (VUL) che utilizzano come unità di misura il singolo workload.

I vantaggi più importanti del modello VUL possono essere riassunti in:

  1. Possibilità di proteggere qualsiasi workload supportato (ad esempio le istanze in AWS, Azure e GCP) e non solo le Virtual Machine VMware e Hyper-V.
  2. Libertà di muovere le licenze a seconda della necessità tra tutti i workload supportati.

Nota 1: Ogni istanza può essere utilizzata per proteggere 500 GB dati sorgente di un NAS

Nota 2: Facciamo un esempio per semplificare il conteggio: ipotizziamo di dover proteggere un ambiente composto da 50 VM Hyper-V, 30 istanze in Azure (oppure in Aws oppure in GCP), 10 server fisici e 5 TB di dati.

Il numero totale di istanze è la somma algebrica di:

a. 50 (VM-HV) + 30 (Azure) + 10 (Server) + 10 (NAS)=  100 istanze = 10 VUL

Se in un processo di ammodernamento 20 VM in Hyper-V sono migrate in Azure, il conteggio si trasforma in

b. 30+50+10+10 = 100 istanze = 10 VUL

Come potete osservare il numero totale di istanze non cambia.

La buona notizia è che Veeam ha messo a disposizione un piano per aiutare i clienti nella fase di migrazione delle licenze.

Il vostro referente commerciale in Veeam potrà indicarvi le migliori opzioni disponibili.

Nota 3: In questo scenario è indispensabile fornire al referente Veeam i file di log.

Quello che descrive le licenze utilizzate è denominato VMC.log

A presto

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VBR – Mac Backup

Veeam Backup & Replication (VBR) version 11 has a new feature and Mac users will fall in love with it.

It is now available for the backup and restores of your MACOS files.

It supports the last Operating Systems starting from High-Sierra (Big Sur 11.X.X / Catalina 10.15.X / Mojave 10.14.X / High Sierra 10.13.6).

Note 1: The Veeam Agent for Mac (VAM) version 1 supports the M1 processor via Rosetta.

Note 2: The VAM supports consistent data backup with snapshots for the APFS file system.

In the other file systems, the backup is created via a snapshot-less approach.

Note 3: At the moment it’s possible to perform the backup of user data (with a custom scope too). The image of the entire machine and a Bare Metal Restore are not available yet.

The configuration steps are quite easy as shown in the official guide:

To recap, the procedure consists of:

  1. From the VBR console create a resource group using a flexible scope
  2. Copy the files generated from VBR to the MAC to protect
  3. Install the package to your machine and import the created configuration. (It allows the communication between VBR and the Mac)
  4. From the VBR console creating the backup policy and apply it

The following video shows how it works in a managed VBR architecture.

Take care and see you soon.

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A flexible file backup Strategy – Part 2

In this second article, we are going to cover the File to Tape strategy.

Why tape devices are still widely present in the IT department?

  • It’s a good way (but not the only one) to manage the offline backup data (read it as improving the Security Strategy of your data).
  •  Media can be easily carried or moved (read it as Portability).
  • Deployment is often very quickly (read it as speeding up the adoption).
  • It has a potentially infinite capacity (Just adding media).
  • The LTO is a neverending technology in a continued evolution.
  • The tape is a well-known device, IT operators have the skills to manage it.
  • The costs for GB is lower than disk technologies.
  • The costs are quite predictable, managers can budget it easily.

VBR needs a Windows Physical Server named Tape Server to control the Drives and Robotic, LTO3 or later Drives, and MS-Windows drivers (supply by the hardware vendor).

The official user guide available on the Veeam site gives all detailed info.

Just a note before starting:

VBR uses Tape Technology in two different ways.

The most used one is back up to tape (Picture 1).

In this case,  the source backup data are the backups already present and created with a backup job or backup copy job.

They are saved to Repository (Repository is a Disk technology).

It means that the scope of backup to tape is to pour out data to tape.

Picture 1

Please have a look at the following video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il8mH2KB_Uo) to get more details.

The second way is File to Tape and it is the topic of this article (picture 2).

https://lnx.gable.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/nas-7.jpgPicture 2

Which type of source files can be saved to tape?

  • Windows & Linux servers (virtual or physical doesn’t matter)
  • NAS file share (SMB (CIFS) and NFS ).
  • NDMP filers (it will be covered in the next article).
  • How does it work?

Picture 3

Picture 3 shows the data streams when a tape process is performed:

  1. The main components are Data Movers. These Services run on the source and on the Tape Server.
  2. VBR triggers the source Data Mover to perform a copy of the files to the target. At the destination, the target Data Mover check if the files have arrived correctly.
  3. The tape Server manages the write operation to the tape also.
  4. VBR stores all info about files saved (media used, retention, etc.)  in a catalog.
  5. In the restore scenario, the step order is four to one.
  • *Note: To perform a backup of Windows and Linux servers, it is requested to add those servers to the managed server as shown in picture 3. Through this process, the Data mover service is properly installed.
  • Network Share: Adding SMB/NFS Share as shown in the previous article (A Flexible file backup strategy – Part 1).
Picture 3
  • Common scenarios

File to Tape backup can be used by any customer. You need just a Tape Server, Tape Devices, Drivers, and VBR.

There are at least two main cases:

  • Customers who want a copy of their data to tape.
  • Customers with a small budget who doesn’t need rapid restore

The next video will show how to set it up.

Main Pro

  • There is not a room limit. It means the license doesn’t count how many GB, TB, PB will be written to Tape.
  • The VBR architecture is as usual flexible. It’s possible to add more tape servers and more than 1 tape library.

Version 11 will add more great features:

  • Tape cloning (https://community.veeam.com/blogs-and-podcasts-57/tape-improvements-in-vbr-v11-277)
  • Tape verification (https://community.veeam.com/blogs-and-podcasts-57/part-ii-tape-improvements-in-vbr-v11-289)

Cons

*This behavior is quite common to all backup software that writes data directly to Tape.

  • For saving a file, VBR needs to trigger a process of discovering the file to the source, gathering and writing it to a media.

If you consider that the common NAS scenario is composed of millions of small files and thousands of folders and that the tape technology has to choose for every file the location in the media (where the file will be copied)  it’s clear that this process, common to all backup servers, stresses the hardware architecture and in particular the drive header.

The backup process has a small speed advantage compared to restoring because writings to media are often sequential and not random.

Image to restore 10k files located in 10k different positions in a single tape.

The drive has to perform a great job. It is going to suffer from an effect called shoe-shining (also known as tape back-hitching)  which occurs when a tape drive cannot transfer data at an acceptable speed.

Shoe shining can contribute to data loss over time, as the repeated back-and-forth motion will wear the tape drive’s read/write heads and negatively affect the readable portion of the tape

  • Loss of Tape Cartridge Capacity
  • Increased Risk of Read/Write Issues
  • Excessively Worn Tape Drive Heads
  • Low Data Transfer Rates
  • Data Loss
  • The Veeam DB needs to be sized correctly and the best practice is to switch from SQL Express to SQL Standard
  • Media management is quite challenging when the amount of tapes is big. Remember to store them in a fireproof and non-magnetic safe.

Do you also prefer the NAS backup feature introduced in v.10? Let me know!

That’s all for now.  

See you next week for talking about NDMP

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Ransomware defense part 2: Hardening

There are many documents on the internet that describe how to address this common request.

In this article, I’ll give you a track to move easier around this topic pointing out the most interesting articles.

Before starting let me thank Edwin Weijdema who created an  exhaustive guide to answer the common question (please click here to get it)

Are you ready? Let’s start

1- The first magic point for starting is Wikipedia where I got a good definition:

In computing, hardening is usually the process of securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability, which is larger when a system performs more functions; in principle, a single-function system is more secure than a multipurpose one. Reducing available ways of attack typically includes changing default passwords, the removal of unnecessary software, unnecessary usernames or logins, and the disabling or removal of unnecessary services.

2- The second point is to understand the concept of Perimeter security:

It is natural barriers or artificially built fortifications that have the goal of keeping intruders out of the area . The strategies can be listed as:

  • Use rack-mount servers
  • Keep intruders from opening the case
  • Disable the drives
  • Lock up the server room
  • Set up surveillance

A complete article is available by clicking here

3- The third point is  Network segmentation:

It is the division of an organization network into smaller and, consequently, a more manageable grouping of interfaces called zones. These zones consist of IP ranges, subnets, or security groups designed typically to boost performance and security.

In the event of a cyberattack, effective network segmentation will confine the attack to a specific network zone and contain its impact by blocking lateral movement across the network via logical isolation through access controls.

Designating zones allows organizations to consistently track the location of sensitive data and assess the relevance of an access request based on the nature of that data.  Designating where sensitive data reside permits network and security operations to assign resources for more aggressive patch management and proactive system hardening.

A complete article is available by clicking here

4- Hardening your Backup Repositories

The next good rules involve your backup architecture and in specific the Backup Repositories:

Windows:

a. Use the built-in local administrator account

b. Set permissions on the repository directory

c. Modify the Firewall

d. Disable remote RDP services

Linux:

e. Create a Dedicated Repository Account

f. Set Permissions on the Repository Directory

g. Configure the Linux Repository in VeeamModify the Firewall

h. Use Veeam Encryption

Do you want to know more about security? If so the Veeam Best Practices are for sure the answer.

The next article will cover monitoring and automatic actions using Veeam-ONE.

5- Prevent injection of shady boot code​

Code injection, also called Remote Code Execution (RCE), occurs when an attacker exploits an input validation flaw in software to introduce and execute malicious code.

To prevent the attack please follow the following rules:

a. Run with UEFI Native Mode​
b. Use UEFI with Secure Boot Standard Mode​
c. Combine Secure Boot with TPM
d. Equip critical servers with a TPM 2.0

Stay tuned and see you soon

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Ransomware defense – part 1: Advanced product features are an mandatory requirement

A lot of new challenges came to people who work in IT-Departments these last months.

The number of ransomware attacks has been growing day by day and their attack strategies are becoming more and more evil and dangerous.

The common questions the Managers ask the IT guys are:

a) Are the company protected against these risks?

A good answer is that a successful approach is when the percentage of certainty is more than the percentage of risk.

b) Which are the best practices to be safer?

The key is defining the right process of protection.

The scope of these articles is showing the correct behavior to keep your architecture as safer as possible or, in case of attack, gain as much time as possible to fend off the assault.

The articles will cover the storage point of view and do not deal with perimetral defenses, antimalware, antiviruses, networking strategies, and so on.

Which are the main strategies to adopt?

  1. Having more copies of your data
  2. Hardening the infrastructure
  3. Monitoring behaviors

Are you ready? Let’s start with the first topic !!!

    1. Having more copies of  your data:

Backup software is the right tool to score the goals of this first part.

It has to be able to:

a) Create application consistency backup.

b) Copy backup data to different locations.

Almost all backup software can do that but some additional features can address better the biggest challenges:

Flexible: Backup software should write backup data to different types of repositories and be able to restore it without any required dependency. To be clearer, the backup data have to be self-consistent. The advantage is being able to fit different architecture scenarios (Let’s call it “Data mobility”).

Data-Offline:  back up data should be put into a “quarantine” area where they cannot be either re-written or read. The classic deployment is a Tape Devices architecture or any scripts that automatically detach the repository devices.

Immutability: The backup data cannot be changed until the immutability period is over. This has a double advantage in comparison to data-offline strategy: It changes the repository status as written & online just for the new backup file. It is offline (as Tape technologies) for re-writing to already present backup data. The speed restore option has to remain unchanged.

Immutability can be reached in two ways:

By WORM  (Write Once, Read Many) devices, where the backup files can be used just to restore once they have been added to repositories. For example, technology can be the optical disk, a technology I have been working on in the past.

At Veeam Software this common customer and partner request has been addressed using the immutability propriety of the Object Storage. The good news is that VBR v. 11 implements this great feature directly in Linux Repositories.

Is this enough? I’m still thinking that the backup solution should at least be able to:

  • Check the backup file and the backup content. The only way to check if a backup file is really reusable is restoring it in a separate area where communication with the production environment is forbidden. At Veeam it is called Sure-Backup.
  • Check with your anti-virus/anti-malware that the backup files have not been already attacked somewhere and sometime. At Veeam the technology used is the Data integration API.
  • Before restoring files or VMs in production, check with your anti-virus/anti-malware if your data has been already attacked. At Veeam it is called Secure Restore
  • Perform Replica Jobs. It helps to create a Disaster Recovery Site useful in performing a quick restart of the service.  At Veeam this feature is included from the beginning and the Sure-Backup can be applied with replica too (it is called Sure-Replica). V.11 has a very powerful feature: CDP.
  • Restore backup data to the public cloud when the primary and replication site is totally out of order. I call it Cold Disaster Recovery and it needs at least one restore point available.

The next article topic is how to hardening your backup architecture

See you soon and take care!